What's In a Name?
In a past post, I have pointed out how the development of standards will help to facilitate the continued development and eventual commercialization of nanotechnology in a systematic and responsible manner. Some of the recent activities in this area are worth mentioning here.
The E56 Committee of ASTM International has just developed the E2456-06 Standard on Terminology for Nanotechnology, in which some fundamental basic terms were defined. This is an important first step in reducing potential confusion caused by terms being used interchangeably both within and outside the nanotechnology field. A key example is the term "nanoparticle." Now there are distinctions based on size, dimensionality, and whether the object exhibits a size-related property that is substantially different from that observed in the same material in larger sizes or bulk form. To aid in its dissemination, ASTM International is making this standard free available from its website (www.astm.org). E2456-06 will also continue to evolve, adding definitions for more terms over time.
Concurrently, the International Organization for Standardization is also active in this area. ISO's Technical Committee 229 on Nanotechnologies is looking at further definitions relating to basic raw nanoscale objects as well as structures and materials that contain such objects. Distinctions are also being made to differentiate purposely-made nanoscale objects and materials from those that are by-products of the manufacturing process.
Having a well-defined taxonomy and established definitions will play a key role in facilitating communication regarding nanotechnology among different communities that include education (in schools and among the general public), government, and legal entities in addition to the research and business sectors. In turn, this will help address topics related to safety and the environment, public awareness, and intellectual property.
